Berikut salah satu manusia yang menjadi inspirasi dari penulis yakni Abraham Lincoln presiden USA ke 16 dan Bpk B.J. Habibie pemimpin tauladan kita
BIOGRAPHY
OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
 |
| Abraham Lincoln |
Abraham Lincoln
/ (February
12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the
16th President of the United States,
serving from March 1861 until
his assassination in April 1865.
Lincoln led the United States through its greatest constitutional, military,
and moral crises the
American Civil War preserving the
Union, abolishing slavery, strengthening
the national government and modernizing the economy. Reared in a poor family on
the
western
frontier, Lincoln was self-educated, and became a country lawyer, a
Whig Party leader,
Illinois state legislator during the 1830s, and a one-term
member of the
United States House of
Representatives during
the 1840s.
After
a
series of debates in 1858 that gave national visibility
to his opposition to the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost a Senate race to
his arch-rival,
Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, a moderate from a
swing state, secured the
Republican Party presidential nomination in 1860. With
almost no support in the
South, Lincoln swept the
North and
was
elected president in 1860.
His election was the signal for seven southern slave states to declare their
secession from the Union and form the
Confederacy. The departure of the
Southerners gave Lincoln's party firm control of Congress, but no formula for
compromise or reconciliation was found. Lincoln explained in his
second inaugural address:
"Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than
let the Nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it
perish, and the war came."
When
the North enthusiastically rallied behind the national flag after the
Confederate attack on
Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, Lincoln concentrated
on the military and political dimensions of the war effort. His goal was now to
reunite the nation. As the South was in a state of insurrection, Lincoln
exercised his authority to suspend
habeas corpus,
arresting and temporarily detaining thousands of suspected secessionists
without trial. Lincoln averted British recognition of the Confederacy by
skillfully handling the
Trent affair in late 1861. His efforts toward the
abolition of slavery include issuing his
Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, encouraging the border states
to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress the
Thirteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution, which finally freed all
slaves nationwide in December 1865. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort,
especially the selection of top generals, including commanding general
Ulysses S.
Grant. Lincoln brought leaders of the major factions of his party
into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. Under Lincoln's leadership,
the Union set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, took
control of the
border slave states at the start of the war, gained
control of communications with gunboats on the southern river systems, and
tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at
Richmond, Virginia. Each time a general failed,
Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865.
An
exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each
state, Lincoln reached out to
War Democrats and managed his own re-election in the
1864 presidential election.
As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln found
his policies and personality were "blasted from all sides":
Radical Republicans demanded harsher treatment of the
South, War Democrats desired more compromise,
Copperheadsdespised him, and irreconcilable
secessionists plotted his death.
Politically,
Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each
other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory.
His
Gettysburg Address of 1863 became the most quoted speech
in American history. It was an iconic statement of America's dedication to the
principles of nationalism,
republicanism, equal
rights, liberty, and democracy.
At
the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of
Reconstruction, seeking to
reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the
face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. Six days after the surrender of
Confederate commanding general
Robert E. Lee,
however, Lincoln was
assassinated by actor and Confederate sympathizer
John Wilkes
Booth. Lincoln's death was the first assassination of a U.S.
president and sent the nation into
mourning. Lincoln has been
consistently
ranked both by scholars
and the public
as one of the greatest U.S.
presidents.
BIOGRAPHY
OF B.J. Habibie
 |
| B J Habibie |
Prof.
DR (HC). Ing. Dr. Sc. Mult. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie or BJ Habibie is known as
(73 years) is a man of Pare-Pare (South Sulawesi), born June 25, 1936. Habibie
became President of the 3rd Indonesia for 1.4 years and two months as Vice
President of the Republic to-7. Habibie is a "blaster" among the
Javanese [mother] with Macassar / Pare-Pare [her father].
Small the days, Habibie has shown wit and high
spirits on science and technology especially in Physics. During the six months
he attended the Mechanical Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB),
and proceeded to Rhenisch Wesfalische Tehnische Hochscule - Germany in 1955. By
financed by his mother, R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardoyo, young Habibie spent 10
years to complete the study of S-1 to S-3 in Aachen, Germany.
Unlike the average Indonesian students who
received scholarships abroad, lectures Habibie (especially S-1 and S-2) are
financed directly by the mother who did business catering and indekost in
Bandung after her husband left to go (father Habibie). Habibie, Business,
Design and Construction of Aircraft in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering.
During the five-year study in Germany Habibie finally earned his diploma
Dilpom-Ingenenieur or techniques (note: technical diploma in Germany is
generally synchronized with the title Master/S2 in other countries) with summa
cum laude.
Mr. Habibie continue the doctoral program after
marrying his high school friend, Mrs. Hasri Ainun Besari in 1962. Together with
his wife living in Germany, Habibie must work to pay tuition fees as well as
the cost of their household. Habibie had an interest in Aircraft Design and
Construction. In 1965, Habibie S-3 finish his studies and received an honorary
Doctor Ingenieur (Doctor of Engineering) with performance index summa cum
laude.
During a doctoral student, BJ Habibie, has
started work to support his family and cost studies. After graduation, BJ
Habibie, working in-Blohm Messerschmitt-Bölkow or MBB Hamburg (1965-1969 as
Head of Research and Development on Aircraft Structure Analysis, and later
served as Head of Methods and Technology Division in the commercial aircraft
industry and the military in MBB (1969 - 1973). Top performance and
kebriliannya, four years later, he was appointed as Vice President and Director
of Technology at MBB Penasihast period from 1973 to 1978 and became Senior
Director of technology to the Board of MBB (1978). He became the only Asian
person who succeeded in occupying number two position in this German aircraft
company.
Before entering the age of 40 years,
Habibie was very brilliant career, especially in the design and construction of
aircraft. Habibie became "jewel" in Germany and he had
"honorable position," both materially and intellectually by the
Germans. While working at the MBB of Germany, Habibie contributed various
research findings and a number of theories for science and technology in the
field of Thermodynamics, Construction and Aerodynamics. Several theoretical
formulations known in the world aircraft such as the "Habibie
Factor", "Habibie's Theorem" and "Habibie Method".
Habibie is Indonesia's first president who has
received many awards, especially in the fields of science and technology both
from domestic and foreign. Services in the field of aircraft technology to
deliver he received an honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Honoris Causa) from the
world's leading berbagaai University, among others, Cranfield Institute of
Technology and Chungbuk University.
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